一、LNMMP
LNMMP环境是Linux + Nginx + Memcached + MySQL + PhP，即LNMP + memcached。
Memcached 是一个高性能的分布式内存对象缓存系统，用于动态Web应用以减轻数据库负载。它通过在内存中缓存数据和对象来减少读取数据库的次数，从而提供动态、数据库驱动网站的速度。Memcached基于一个存储键/值对的hashmap。其守护进程（daemon ）是用C写的，但是客户端可以用任何语言来编写，并通过memcached协议与守护进程通信。
二、工程拓扑
三、安装nginx服务器
1）部署开发环境# yum -y install "Development tools" "Server Platform Development"2）解决依赖 pcre-devel openssl-devel# yum -y install pcre-devel openssl-devel3) 设置用户# groupadd -r nginx# useradd -r -g nginx nginx4）编译安装nginx-1.4.7# tar xf nginx-1.4.7.tar.gz# cd nginx-1.4.7# ./configure --prefix=/usr --sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx \--conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf --error-log-path=\ /var/log/nginx/error.log --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log \--pid-path=/var/run/nginx/nginx.pid --lock-path=/var/lock/nginx.lock \--user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_ssl_module \--with-http_flv_module --with-http_stub_status_module \--with-http_gzip_static_module --http-client-body-temp-path=\ /var/tmp/nginx/client/ --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/proxy/ \ --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/fcgi/ \--http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/uwsgi --http-scgi-temp-path=\/var/tmp/nginx/scgi --with-pcre# make && make install5）检测配置文件语法# /usr/sbin/nginx -t6) 提供启动脚本# vim /etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx 内容如下# nginx - this script starts and stops the nginx daemon## chkconfig: - 85 15# description: Nginx is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse \# proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server# processname: nginx# config: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf# config: /etc/sysconfig/nginx# pidfile: /var/run/nginx.pid # Source function library.. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions # Source networking configuration.. /etc/sysconfig/network # Check that networking is up.[ "$NETWORKING" = "no" ] && exit 0 nginx="/usr/sbin/nginx"prog=$(basename $nginx) NGINX_CONF_FILE="/etc/nginx/nginx.conf" [ -f /etc/sysconfig/nginx ] && . /etc/sysconfig/nginx lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/nginx make_dirs() { # make required directories user=`nginx -V 2>&1 | grep "configure arguments:" | sed 's/[^*]*--user=\([^ ]*\).*/\1/g' -` options=`$nginx -V 2>&1 | grep 'configure arguments:'` for opt in $options; do if [ `echo $opt | grep '.*-temp-path'` ]; then value=`echo $opt | cut -d "=" -f 2` if [ ! -d "$value" ]; then # echo "creating" $value mkdir -p $value && chown -R $user $value fi fi done} start() { [ -x $nginx ] || exit 5 [ -f $NGINX_CONF_FILE ] || exit 6 make_dirs echo -n $"Starting $prog: " daemon $nginx -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE retval=$? echo [ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile return $retval} stop() { echo -n $"Stopping $prog: " killproc $prog -QUIT retval=$? echo [ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile return $retval} restart() { configtest || return $? stop sleep 1 start} reload() { configtest || return $? echo -n $"Reloading $prog: " killproc $nginx -HUP RETVAL=$? echo} force_reload() { restart} configtest() { $nginx -t -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE} rh_status() { status $prog} rh_status_q() { rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1} case "$1" in start) rh_status_q && exit 0 $1 ;; stop) rh_status_q || exit 0 $1 ;; restart|configtest) $1 ;; reload) rh_status_q || exit 7 $1 ;; force-reload) force_reload ;; status) rh_status ;; condrestart|try-restart) rh_status_q || exit 0 ;; *) echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload|configtest}" exit 2esac7)为服务脚本赋予执行权限# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx8）添加到系统服务并开机启动# chkconfig --add nginx# chkconfig nginx on# chkconfig --list nigx9) 设置nginx配置文件的语法高亮# mkdir ./vim/syntax -pv# cd .vim/syntax# wget http://www.vim.org/scripts/download_script.php?src_id=19394# cd .vim# vim filetype.vim 内容如下 au BufRead,BufNewFile /etc/nginx/*,/usr/local/nginx/conf/* if &ft == '' | setfiletype nginx | endif10）启动服务# service nginx start# ss -tnalp | grep nginx 四、安装MySQL服务器
1.安装
| 1 2 | # tar xf mysql-5.5.33-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local # ln -sv /usr/local/mysql-5.5.33-linux2.6-x86_64 mysql 创建软连接，易于操作 |
2.为数据库创建数据目录
#mkdri -pv /mydata/data 3.新建用户以安全方式运行进程
| 1 2 3 4 5 | #groupadd -r mysql //创建系统组mysql #useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin -g mysql mysql -M -D /mydata/data mysql // 创建系统用户mysql #chown -R mysql:mysql /mydata/data // 设置目录属主属组 |
4.初始化mysql
| 1 2 3 4 5 | # cd /usr/local/mysql # scripts/mysql_install_db --datadir=/mydata/data --user=mysql // 初始化数据库 # chown -R root . // 设置当前目录所有文件属主为root |
5.提供脚本
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 | #cd /usr/local/mysql #cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld // 设置脚本mysqld #chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld // 给脚本执行权限 # chkconfig --add mysqld // 添加开机启动 # chkconfig mysqld on |
6.提供配文件
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 | #cd /usr/local/mysql #cp support-files/my-large.cnf /etc/my.cnf #vim /etc/my.cnf thread_concurrency = 2 //修改，并发线程数，bithread_concurrency的值为CPU个数乘以2 datadir = /mydata/data #添加,mysql数据文件的存放路径： |
7.其他配置
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 | # vim /etc/profile.d/mysqld.sh export PATH= /usr/local/mysql/bin :$PATH # source /etc/profile.d/mysqld.sh #vim /etc/man.config MANPATH /usr/local/mysql/man // 添加此行 # ln -sv /usr/local/mysql/include /usr/include/mysql // 输出mysql的头文件至系统头文件路径 /usr/include # echo '/usr/local/mysql/lib' > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf // 输出mysql的库文件给系统库 #ldconfig //重载系统库： |
8.启动服务
# service mysqld start# ss -tnl | grep 3306
9.用户初始化
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 | #mysql mysql> use mysql mysql> select host,user,password from user; mysql> DELETE FROM user WHERE user = '' ; // 删除空用户 mysql> DELETE FROM user WHERE user = '::1' ; // 删除ipv6用户 mysql> UPDATE user SET password = PASSWORD( 'Hoolee' ) WHERE password = '' ; // 为root用户设置密码 mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
|
五、安装php服务器
1.解决开发环境和依赖关系
| 1 2 3 | # yum -y install bzip2-devel # yum -y install libmcrypt-devel # yum -y groupinstall "Desktop Platform Development" |
2.安装php
# tar xf php-5.4.26.tar.bz2# cd /usr/src/php-5.4.26/# ./configure--prefix=/usr/local/php --with-openssl--with-mysql=mysqlnd --with-mysqli=mysqlnd --with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd--enable-mbstring --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir--with-png-dir --with-zlib--with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml--enable-sockets --with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache2/bin/apxs--with-mcrypt --with-config-file-path=/etc --with-config-file-scan-dir=/etc/php.d--with-bz2 --enable-maintainer-zts# make && make install
3.提供配置文件
| 1 | # cp php.ini-production /etc/php.ini |
4.为php-fpm提供脚本，并将其添加到服务列表
# cp sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm# chkconfig --add php-fpm# chkconfig php-fpm on
5.为php-fpm提供配置文件
# cp /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
6.编辑php-fpm配置文件
# vim /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf pm.max_children = 150 pm.start_servers = 8 pm.min_spare_servers = 5 pm.max_spare_servers = 10 pid = /usr/local/php/var/run/php-fpm.pid listen = 172.16.1.11:9000
7.启动php-fpm
# service php-fpm start# ps -aux | grep php-fpm
六、安装php加速器xcache
1.安装xcache
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 | # tar xf xcache-3.0.3.tar.gz # cd xcache-3.0.3 # /usr/local/php/bin/phpize //phpize 是用来安装php扩展模块的，通过phpize可以建立php的 外挂模块，若你想在原来编译好的php中加入memcached或者 ImageMagick等扩展模块，就需要使用phpize # # ./configure --enable=xcache --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/ php-config # make && make install // 显示xcache模块路径： /usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-zts-20100525/ |
2.编辑配置文件，整合php + xcache
| 1 2 3 4 | # vim xcache.ini //添加模块路径 extension = /usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-zts- 20100525 /xcache.so # cp xcache.ini /etc/php.d/ |
3.重启php-fpm
# service php-fpm restart
七、配置nginx
1.编辑/etc/nginx/nginx.conf,实现动静分离
worker_processes 2; #worker进程的个数error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log notice; #错误日志路径及级别events { worker_connections 1024; #每个worker能够并发响应的最大请求数}http { include mime.types; #支持多媒体类型 default_type application/octet-stream; sendfile on; #由内核直接转发 #keepalive_timeout 0; keepalive_timeout 5; #持久连接5s gzip on; #开启压缩功能 server { listen 80; server_name www.hoo.com; add_header X-via $server_addr; #让客户端能够看到代理服务器的IP location / { root html; index index.php index.html index.htm; } location ~* \.(jpg|jpeg|png|gif|js|css)$ { #匹配静态内容 root html; #默认目录在/usr/local/nginx/html } location ~ \.php$ { #匹配动态php文件 root html; fastcgi_pass 172.16.7.11:9000; #代理到的服务器 fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME scripts$fastcgi_script_name; include fastcgi_params; } }} 2.编辑/etc/nginx/fastcgi_params
fastcgi_param GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI/1.1;fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE nginx;fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string;fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method;fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type;fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length;fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name;fastcgi_param REQUEST_URI $request_uri;fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_URI $document_uri;fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT $document_root;fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL $server_protocol;fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr;fastcgi_param REMOTE_PORT $remote_port;fastcgi_param SERVER_ADDR $server_addr;fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT $server_port;fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $server_name;
3.重载nginx
# service nginx reload
八、安装Memcached服务器
1.memcached特性
Memcached是一款开发工具，它既不是一个代码加速器，也不是数据库中间件。其设计哲学思想主要反映在如下方面：
（1）简单key/value存储：服务器不关心数据本身的意义及结构，只要是可序列化数据即可。存储项由“键、过期时间、可选的标志及数据”四个部分组成；
（2）功能的实现一半依赖于客户端，一半基于服务器端：客户负责发送存储项至服务器端、从服务端获取数据以及无法连接至服务器时采用相应的动作；服务端负责接收、存储数据，并负责数据项的超时过期；
（3）各服务器间彼此无视：不在服务器间进行数据同步；
（4）O(1)的执行效率
（5）清理超期数据：默认情况下，Memcached是一个LRU缓存，同时，它按事先预订的时长清理超期数据；但事实上，memcached不会删除任何已缓存数据，只是在其过期之后不再为客户所见；而且，memcached也不会真正按期限清理缓存，而仅是当get命令到达时检查其时长；
2.安装memcached
a).部署开发环境，解决依赖关系
# yum groupinstall "Development Tools" "Server Platform Deveopment" -y# yum install -y libevent-devel
b).编译安装memcached
# tar xf memcached-1.4.15.tar.gz# cd memcached-1.4.15# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/memcached --with-libevent=/usr/local/libevent# make && make install
c).为memcached提供启动脚本
#!/bin/bash## Init file for memcached## chkconfig: - 86 14# description: Distributed memory caching daemon## processname: memcached# config: /etc/sysconfig/memcached. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions## Default variablesPORT="11211"USER="nobody"MAXCONN="1024"CACHESIZE="64"OPTIONS=""RETVAL=0prog="/usr/local/memcached/bin/memcached"desc="Distributed memory caching"lockfile="/var/lock/subsys/memcached"start() { echo -n $"Starting $desc (memcached): " daemon $prog -d -p $PORT -u $USER -c $MAXCONN -m $CACHESIZE -o "$OPTIONS" RETVAL=$? [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ] && success && touch $lockfile || failure echo return $RETVAL}stop() { echo -n $"Shutting down $desc (memcached): " killproc $prog RETVAL=$? [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ] && success && rm -f $lockfile || failure echo return $RETVAL}restart() { stop start}reload() { echo -n $"Reloading $desc ($prog): " killproc $prog -HUP RETVAL=$? [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ] && success || failure echo return $RETVAL}case "$1" in start) start ;; stop) stop ;; restart) restart ;; condrestart) [ -e $lockfile ] && restart RETVAL=$? ;; reload) reload ;; status) status $prog RETVAL=$? ;; *) echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|condrestart|status}" RETVAL=1esacexit $RETVAL d).添加memcached至服务列表
# chmod +x /etc/init.d/memcached# chkconfig --add memcached# service memcached start
e).检查是否运行
# ss -tnlp | grep 11211
九、安装php的memcached扩展
1.安装memcached扩展
# tar xf memcache-2.2.7.tgz# cd memcache-2.2.7# /usr/local/php/bin/phpize# ./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config --enable-memcache# make && make install
2.编辑配置文件，整合php + memcached
# vim xcache.ini//添加模块路径extension = /usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-zts-20100525/memcache.so
3.重启php-fpm
# service php-fpm restart
4.对memcached功能进行测试，在网站目录中建立测试页面test.php
//php服务器# vim test.php connect("172.16.1.13", 11211) or die("Could not connect");$version = $mem->getVersion();echo "Server's version: ".$version."\n";$mem->set('hellokey', 'Hello World', 0, 600) or die("Failed to save data at the memcached server");echo "Store data in the cache (data will expire in 600 seconds)\n";$get_result = $mem->get('hellokey');echo "$get_result is from memcached server.";?>~ 测试访问即可。
5.安装wordpress测试访问即可
十、安装memadmin-master查看memcached状态信息
1.解压即可使用
//解压至php服务器/usr/local/nginx/html/# unzip memadmin-master.zip
2.测试访问
www.hoo.com/memadmin-master